ใขใผใซใคใโข ๅค็ใใๆ ้ค็ด ใปใจใใซใฎใผใๅใ่พผใฟไฝๅ ใซๅธๅใๅๆใซไธ่ฆใช็ฉ่ณชใไฝๅคใซๆๅบใใๆฉ่ฝใๆ ใใพใใ
ใใใใฏๅค่่ๅใซ็ใพใใใใฃใใงใใปใปใใคใ ้ๅใใฆใ้ฃ็ฉใใๅใใซ่กใใใใจใฏใ็ญ่ใจ้ชจใซใใฃใฆใงใใใใใซใชใใพใใใ
ไฝๅคๅน้ค็ณปใซใใใฆใPGCๆง็ดฐ่ใธใจๅๅใใ่ฝๅใใใใ
ใใฎใใจใใใๅ ่บ่ๅใฏๅค่บ่ๅใๅ ่บ่ๅใซๆฏในใฆใใซไธๅใใจ่จใใใฆใใพใใ
Takemoto, T. ๅค่่ใๅ ่่ๅจๅฎใใตใใผใใ้ซๅบฆๅใใ็จฎใฎ้ฒๅใซๅคงใใชๅฝนๅฒใๆ ใฃใฆใใพใใ
1๏ผ๏ผไฝ็ฏใจไฝ็ฏๅ็ฏ๏ผโข ๅค่่ๅใไธญ่่ๅใๅ ่่ๅใใใใใใฎ็นๅพด ๅค่่ๅใไธญ่่ๅใๅ ่่ๅใฎ3ใคใฎใฟใคใใฎ็นๅพดใใใฃใใใจใพใจใใฆใฟใพใใใ ๅค่่ๅ ๆฐ้ณไปฃ่ฌใฎ้ซใๅค่่ๅใ : Establishment of gut fate in the E lineage of C. : Wnt signals can function as positional cues in establishing cell polarity. ้ๅปใฎใใคใจใใใใชใๅคฑๆใใใฎใใใชใ่ชๅใฏใชใใฆใณใใใใฎใใใชใใใคใจใใใฏ็ถ็ถใงใใชใใฎใใๅๆใใๆญฃใใใใคใจใใๆ ๅ ฑใจใใฌใผใใณใฐๆ ๅ ฑใใใฎใใญใฐใง็บไฟกใใฆใใพใใ
6็ญ่ใจ้ชจใไธญๅฟใจใใไธญ่่ใงใใฃใฆใ้ฃ็ฉใๅคใฎไธ็ใใไฝใจใใใฆ่ชๅใฎๅฃใซใใฃใฆใใใ
1๏ผไฝๅนนใจไฝ่ขใฎ็ญ่๏ผ็ญๆฟโข : Regulation of axial stem cells deriving neural and mesodermal tissues during posterior axial elongation. Cell, 17, 365-376 2009 []โข Brown, J. 3๏ผไฝๅนนใฎ็ฎ่ใฎ็็ฎ๏ผ็ฎๆฟโข ๏ผๅ่ขใฎ็ญใฎๅฝขๆใฏไฝ็ฏ๏ผ็ญๆฟ๏ผ็ฑๆฅใฎ็ดฐ่ใ้ขไธใใใ
ไธญ่่ใฎๅฝขๆใฎๆนๆณใฏๅนพ้ใใใฎๅใใใใใใใฏใจๅฏๆฅใซ้ข้ฃใใใจ่ใใใใฆใใใ
ๆ่ถณใ้ทใใ็ดฐ่บซโข ๅบๅ ธ [ ]โข Cambray, N. ใใฎ้ใใฏใๅ ่่ๅใปไธญ่่ๅใปๅค่่ๅใจใใไบบ้ใฎ่บซไฝใ 3ใคใฎ้บไผ็ใชๅพๅใงๅใใฆ่ชฌๆใงใใพใใ
ใใใซใใใจไธก็้กใฎๅ ดๅใ็ฅ็ต่ๆใซ่็ดขใฎไธกๅดใงไบๅฑคใฎๅฃใๆใค่ขใฎๅฝขใงๅค่่ใจๅ ่่ใฎ้ใซๅ ฅใ่พผใฟใใใฎๅพใซ่็ดขใจใฎ้ใงใใณใใใใใซใใฆๅ้ขใใใ
19ๅคๅท็ง็ทใป่ฅฟๆฒขไธไฟไปฃ่กจใใๅ่ฒ็พไปฃ็งๅญฆๅคงไบๅ ธ7 ็ๅฝใใ 1969 ใๅญฆ็ฟ็ ็ฉถ็คพโข ๅค่่ๅใฎไบบใฏไปใฟใคใใจๆฏในใฆๅคชใใซใใใงใใใ็ญ่ใๅขใใใซใใใงใใ
ๆญดๅฒ [ ] ่่ใฎ็บ่ฆใฏใซ้กใใ
Cell, 4, 509-519 2003 []โข ๆใๅ็ดใชๅพ็ๅ็ฉใงใใๆตท็ถฟๅ็ฉใฏใ1ใคใฎ่่ใใไฝใใใ็ดฐ่ใฎ๏ผใชใฉ๏ผใฏใใใใฎใฎใ็ใฎ็ต็นใฏๅฝขๆใใชใใ
้ๅใซใฏๆ ้คใๅน็็ใซๅใใใจใๅฟ ่ฆใงใใใใ่ก็ฎก็ณปใไธญ่่ใจใใใใจใซใชใใพใใ
ใจใใใฉในใใซใใไผผใ็นๅพดใๆใคใ
่ใ ใใๆปๆ็โข 4๏ผ็ตๅ็ต็นโข ใพใจใ ่ชๅใฎใฟใคใใๆๆกใใฆใใใใจใงใใคใจใใใ็ญใใฌใฎๅน็ใขใใใ่ฆ่พผใใใใจใฏๆใใพใใใใใใใใฎใใคใใน้ขใ ใใ่ฆใฆๆฒ่ฆณ็ใซใชใๅฟ ่ฆใฏใใใพใใใ
ใใใงใฏ็ดฐ่ๅฑคใๅ ๅดใจๅคๅดใฎไบๅฑคใซๅใใใๅ ้จใฎ็ดฐ่็พคใฏใๅฝขๆใใใ
ใฎใใๅ็ฉใงใฏใใใใใใไฝใใใใ
Takemoto, T. ่ฆใใใใจใฏๅคใใชใใๅ้กใๅคงๅคใงใใๆ นๆฐใใ็่งฃใใฆใใใพใใใ ใพใจใ ใ่่็ฑๆฅใฎ่ๅจใฎๅ้กใใซใคใใฆใพใจใใฆใใพใใใ
่ใใใจๆฌๅฝใซใๅฃใใ่้ใพใงใใคใพใๆถๅใใๆๆณใพใงใฎใใคใใงไธญ็ฉบใชใใงใใ ใใฎๅพใๅฝผใฎ็ฅไบบใฎใใฉใณใปใใผใใใใ่ๆคๅ็ฉๅ จ่ฌใซๅญๅจใใใใฎใงใใใใจใ็คบใใใใใซใฉใใฑใฏๅๆงใฎ็ดฐ่ๅฑคใ็ก่ๆคๅ็ฉใซใๅญๅจใใใใจใ็คบใใใ
1ไธญ่่โข ๅ็ซ่ บโข ใใใใใฎ่่ใซใคใใฆ่งฃ่ชฌใใฆใใใพใโข c ๅฟ่๏ผๅบๆฟไผๅฐ็ณปใๅซใ๏ผโข in Analysis of Development Miller, B. ๅคๅงใใญใฃใใใใ็ต็นใ็ตฑๅใใๆฉ่ฝใๆ ใใพใใ
: The developmental dismantling of pluripotency is reversed by ectopic Oct4 expression. Prdm14 PGCใฎๅฝขๆใซๅฟ ้ ใชใฎไธใคใ
ใงใฏใใฎ2่่ใฎ้ใซ็ฌฌ3ใฎไธญ่่ใๅฝขๆใใไธ่่ๆงใจใใใใใ
ใจใใใใไธก่ ใๆฅ่งฆใใใฆๅน้คใใใจใใใฎๆฅ่งฆ้ขใฎๅ็ฉๆฅตๅดใฎ็ดฐ่ใใใ็ญ่ใ่ก็ฎกใชใฉไธญ่่็ดฐ่ใๅๅใใใ
็ญ่ใ้ชจๆ ผใ็ฎ่ใฎ็็ฎใ็ตๅ็ต็นใๅฐฟ้ใๅฟ่ใป่ก็ฎกใ่กๆถฒใ่พ่ใชใฉใๅฝขๆใ
ใใฎๆฎต้ใใๅจๅฎๅฝขๆใซๅ ฅใใใฎใใจ่จใใๅบ่ๅ็ฉใชใฉใฏใใใซใใใใ
ๆถๅ่ฝๅใๅผฑใใ
ใใฎใใใใจในใซใฌใผใฟใผใงใฏใชใใ้ๆฎตใไฝฟใใใจใงใซใญใชใผใๆถ่ฒปใใพใใใใ
ไปใซ็ญ่็ณปใๅพช็ฐ็ณปใใใไธญ่่ใใไฝใใใใ
Scott F. ๅข ใฎใ ่ๆ๏ผใใใใฏใใใซ็ธๅฝใใๆๆ๏ผไปฅๅพใฎใใๆ้ใๅค่่ใจๅ ่่ใฎ้ใซๅบใใๅฑค็ถใฎ็ดฐ่้ๅฃใงใๆๅฝข ใธใใใ ๅ็ฉไปฅไธใซใฟใใใใ ่ณใๆฅใใ้ ญ่ใฎไธ้จใฎ้ชจใ่ป้ชจใ็ฅ็ตๅ คใงไฝใใใพใใ Tbx6-dependent Sox2 regulation determines neural or mesodermal fate in axial stem cells. ๅ่ ธ้ฅๅ ฅใฎ้ใซๅ่ ธใฎๅ ็ซฏ้จใใ่่่ ๅ ใซใใผใ่ฝใกใ็ดฐ่็พคใใใใใใใ็ฌฌไบๆฌก้ๅ ็นใจใใใ
1ไธญ่่็ฑๆฅใฎ้ชจใฏใ่ป้ชจๅ ้ชจๅใใใพใใ ใกใ๏ฝใฃใจ่ใๆ ฃใใชใๅ่ชใๅบใฆใใใฎใงใใชใในใๅใใใใใๅใฟ็ ใใฆๆธใใฆใใใใใจๆใใพใใ
iPS็ดฐ่ ไบบๅทฅๅค่ฝๆงๅนน็ดฐ่๏ผinduced Pluripotent Stem Cells๏ผใฎใใจใ
ใใฎ้็จใงใไฝใฎ่กจ้ขใ่ฆใใๅฐๆฅใฏ็ฎ่ใฎ่กจ็ฎ๏ผๆฑ่ บใ็ฎ่่ บใใใณๆฏใ้ ใ็ดฐ่ใๅซใ๏ผใซใชใๅค่่ใๅผๅธๅจใๆถๅๅจใจใใ็ฎก็ถใฎ่ๅจใฎๅ ้ขใ่ฆใ็ดฐ่ๅฑคใจใชใๅ ่่ใใใณใใฎ้้ใๅใใไธญ่่ใฎไธใคใฎ่่ใซๅฑใใ็ดฐ่็พคใซๅใใใใ
ใใจใใฐ็บ็ใฎใจใใฆไฝฟใใใฆใใใฎๅ ดๅใ่่่ ใๅใใ็ดฐ่ใซใฏไปฅไธใฎใใใชไธใคใฎๅฝขๆ้็จใใใใ
ใชใใฆใณใใฏๆฐใใใใ ๅงๅ็ๆฎ็ดฐ่ ๅตๅญใใใใฏ็ฒพๅญใฎ่ตทๆบใจใชใ็ดฐ่ใ ไธญ่่ๅใซใคใใฆ ไธญ่่ๅใฏใๅ ่่ๅใจๅค่่ๅใฎไธญ้ใฎ็นๅพดใงใใ
8ไฝๆ ๅ้กใใใใฎใ๏ผ ใใใฏใใใใใใฎ่ ซ็ใซใฏ็บ็ๅ ดๆใ็บ็ใๆใๅนด้ฝขๅฑคใไบๅพใชใฉใงใใใใใฎ็นๅพดใใใใใใงใใใ ใใใใ๏ผใคใฎใฟใคใใๅใใใใใไธ่จใง่กจใใจโฆโข Copyright C ็ญ่ๅคงๅ จ All Rights Reserved. ๅ ่่ [ ] ๅ ่่ ใชใใฏใใใใ: ใฏใฏใใๆๅนณใช็ดฐ่ใใใชใใใใ ใใซๆฑ็ถๆง้ ใ้ ใใ
่่๏ผๅฑค๏ผใซใใๅ ้จใฎๅฎๅฎๆงใฎ็ฒๅพใ
Development, 139, 2288-2298 2012 []. ไฝใฎ่กจ้ขใ่ฆใ่กจ็ฎใจไธญ็ฉบๆงใฎ็ฎก็ถใฎ่ๅจใฎๅ ้ขใ่ฆใไธ็ฎใจใฎ้้ใๅใใ็ต็นใฏไธญ่่ๆงใงใใใใใใฎใใกๆณๅฐฟๅจใป็ๆฎๅจใฎไธ็ฎใ้คใใ็ต็นใ้่็ณปใใใใฏ้ไธ็ฎๆงใจๅผใถใ
ใeasyใใชใgainerใใ
Development, 134, 2829-2840 2007 []โข ๏ผ 2012ๅนด11ๆ๏ผ ่่๏ผใฏใใใใ:๏ผใจใฏใใฎๅๆใซใใใฆใใซใใฃใฆๅฝขๆใใใๅคๆฐใฎ็ดฐ่ใใใใ ใใซ่ฆๅ็ใซ้ ๅใใฆใงใใใๅไธ็ฎ็ๆง้ ใฎใใจใงใใใ Nature, 391, 695-697 1998 []โข ใใฎใใใ้ๆฎตใงใฏใชใใจในใซใฌใผใฟใผใใจใฌใใผใฟใผใไฝฟ็จใใใใๅฟใใใพใใใใ ใใ ใใกใชใใชใฎใใไฝใไฝใใใใใจใใใใพใใ
13ๅ่่็ฑๆฅใใจใซ ๅคชๅญใซใชใฃใฆใใใใฎใฏ้ๅป10ๅนด้ใงๅบ้กใใใ้ธๆ่ขใชใฎใงใใๅ่ใพใงใซใฉใใ ๅค่่็ฑๆฅใฎ่ๅจใปๅจๅฎ ๅค่่็ฑๆฅใฎ่ๅจใปๅจๅฎใฏโข ไธญ่่ๅ๏ผ็ฑณๅๆถผๅญ๏ผ็ดฐใใใฉใกใใฃใจ็ญ่ใ็ฎ็ซใคๆใ๏ผ ๅ ่่ๅ๏ผmisonoใๅ่ฟ๏ผ็ฉใใฆใใกใใฃใจๅฅณๆง็ใชไธธใๆใ๏ผ ใใใพใใใ่ถ ๅๆใซๆจๆธฌใใฆใฟใพใใใ ๅ ่่ ใฎ้ ใง่งฃ่ชฌใใฆใใใพใใ
Blimp1 PGCใฎๅฝขๆใซๅฟ ้ ใชใฎไธใคใ
็ญใใฌใใใฆใใไบบใฏใใฎใใใช็นๅพดใฎไบบใใคใผใธใผใฒใคใใผใจๅผใณใพใใ
ใใ ้ข ใใใใใใใใใใ ใ ่ฑ ๆค็ฉ ใใใใใ ๅ็ฉ ใใใ ้ข ใใ ใ ่ฑ ใฉ. ใใใใใใพใงใฎ๏ผๅฃ่ ใปใใฎๆซ็ซฏ้จใ้คใ๏ผใจใชใใ