Kannada Typing
Takahashi, Takanobu. 5, chapter: The body as Leitmotif, 2013, Columbia University Press,• Tamil Buddhist commentators of the 10th century AD in the commentary on Nemrinatham, a Tamil grammatical work make references that show that Kannada literature must have flourished as early as the BC 4th century. The number of written symbols, however, is far more than the forty-nine characters in the alphabet, because different characters can be combined to form compound characters ottakshara. Cambridge University Press, 2014. Narasimhacharya, R 1988 [1988]. Just copy the Kannada text square boxes from any website or applications. Brill's Indological library, v. Narasimhachar in Kamath 2001, p5• Kannada works from earlier centuries mentioned in the are not yet traced. Further, Kannada has produced a number of prolific and renowned poets and writers such as , , and. Kannada words such as gouDi-gavuDi transform into Tamil's kavuDi for lack of the usage of Ghosha svana in Tamil. In some 3rd—1st century BC Tamil inscriptions, words of Kannada influence such as nalliyooraa, kavuDi and posil were found. Kannada is influenced to a considerable degree by Sanskrit. Harihariah Oruganti-Vice-President; Madras Coin Society. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list• New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. He mentions Malippala Malpe , a coastal town of Karnataka. Shashidhar, Dr. Sen, Sailendra Nath 1999. Brill, p16,18• Bucher; Ferdinand Kittel 1899. Kannada inscriptions are not only discovered in Karnataka but also quite commonly in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. important;padding-bottom:3rem! Palanithurai, Ganapathy 2002. Kannada Festivals depend on geographic location and might differ for two cities and difference is quite noticeable for cities in different time zone. A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar. A famous writer of the same period is , who expressed Jain religious teachings through his works. Kannada verbs are words that convey action bring, read, walk, run , or a state of being exist, stand. Language And Society in South Asia. 25rem;border-top-right-radius:0. Recent reports indicate that the Nishadi inscription discovered on the Chandragiri hill, , is older than Halmidi inscription by about fifty to hundred years and may belong to the period AD 350—400. Ethnologue also classifies a group of four languages related to Kannada, which are, besides Kannada proper, , , and. 3 - You can now save 25 frequently using sentences. The found at dated to 230 BC has been suggested to contain words in identifiable Kannada. They are settled throughout Goa state, throughout Uttara Kannada district and Khanapur taluk of Belagavi district, Karnataka. The language is also spoken by linguistic minorities in the states of , , , , and ; and also by Kannadigas abroad. 9 million non-native speakers in , which adds up to 56. 1897 , p490• Based on the recommendations of the Committee of Linguistic Experts, appointed by the , the designated Kannada a. Prior to the Halmidi inscription, there is an abundance of inscriptions containing Kannada words, phrases and sentences, proving its antiquity. The manuscript contains 1478 leaves written using ink. important;-webkit-border-radius:4px;-moz-border-radius:4px;border-radius:0;margin:10px 0;background: FFF! 25rem;transition:border-color ease-in-out 0. Two of the early writers of this period are and Raghavanka, trailblazers in their own right. Main article: The canonical word order of Kannada is subject—object—verb , typical of Dravidian languages. , a Roman historian, wrote about pirates between and Nitrias , called Nitran by Ptolemy. The Commerce between the Roman Empire and India. Hindu saints of the sect such as , , , , , , , , Prasanna Venkatadasa produced devotional poems in this period. 4 ,inset -1px 0 0 rgba 0,0,0,0. Robert Zydenbos 2020 : A Manual of Modern Kannada. important;font-weight:700;color: 6b6b6b! The coin is preserved at the Indian Historical Research Institute, St. Press• The Kannada language is written using the , which evolved from the 5th-century. Kannada Typing very important to give feelings in words that is not possible while type in English. important;padding-bottom:1rem! , the Vaidhurya gems of that country. Archived from on 22 September 2008. The works of this period are based on and principles. The 5th century Tamatekallu inscription of and the Siragunda inscription from Taluk of 500 AD are further examples. Archived from on 24 November 2003. Official website of the , India. The king of this region, and his countrymen, sometimes use their own language, and the sentences they speak could be interpreted as Kannada, including Koncha madhu patrakke haki "Having poured a little wine into the cup separately" and paanam beretti katti madhuvam ber ettuvenu "Having taken up the cup separately and having covered it, I shall take wine separately. " It was the language of in the late ancient period, the , Naga and periods and thus has a history of over 2500 years. The corrupt lines indicate that the text found at Oxyrhynchus Egypt has been copied, meaning that the original was even earlier in date. Bhandarkar — Lectures on the Ancient History of India on the Period From 650 To 320 B. The Kannada spoken between the rivers and was the pure well of Kannada undefiled. Venkatasubba Rao 4 October 2006. Emperor Nripatunga Amoghavarsha I of 850 AD recognised that the Sanskrit style of Kannada literature was Margi formal or written form of language and Desi folk or spoken form of language style was popular and made his people aware of the strength and beauty of their native language Kannada. Settar adds the words nADu and iLayar to this list. Gururaj Bhat in Kamath 2001 , p97• Around the beginning of the 9th century, Old Kannada was spoken from to. 3s ease-in-out;-ms-transition:all 0. Kannada Typing Its very easy and simple to type in Kannada Kannada Type using English. from Wikivoyage• Once you're done with Kannada Verbs, you might want to check the rest of our Kannada lessons here:. Another word of Kannada origin is taayviru and is found in a 4th-century AD Tamil inscription. Spoken Kannada tends to vary from region to region. Kannada was the court language of some of the most powerful empires of South and Central India, such as the , the , the and the. 767, Princeton University Press, 2012,• The first available Kannada book, a treatise on poetics, rhetoric and basic grammar is the from 850 AD. Mahadevan argues that the words erumi, kavuDi, poshil and tAyiyar have their origin in Kannada because Tamil cognates are not available. The of Uttara Kannada, Shimoga and Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka speak in their own dialect of Kannada called Halakki Kannada or Achchagannada. Kannada is a highly language with three masculine, feminine, and neuter or common and two numbers singular and plural. "Literature in all Dravidian languages owes a great deal to Sanskrit, the magic wand whose touch raised each of the languages from a level of patois to that of a literary idiom". Check This is a month wise list of most Kannada festivals in the year 2021. English Verbs Kannada Verbs I can accept that naanu adhannu thegedhu kollaballe she added it avalu adhakke haakidhalu we admit it naavu adhannu oppikondevu they advised him avaru avanige advise maadidharu I can agree with that naanu adhakke oppaballe she allows it avalu adhaannu opputhaale we announce it naavu adhannu vicharisutheeve I can apologize naanu kshamekelaballe she appears today avalu eevatthu kaanisidhalu they arranged that avaru adhannu anusaravaghisidharu I can arrive tomorrow naanu naale baraballe she can ask him avalu adhannu kelabhaudhu she attaches that avalu adhannu antisidhalu we attack them naavu adhannu dhaaali maadona they avoid her avaru avalannu nirakarisidharu I can bake it naanu adhannu beyisaballe she is like him avalu avana thara we beat it naavu adhannu hathhikka balleveu they became happy avaru santhosha pattaru I can begin that naanu adharindha aarambisaballe we borrowed money naavu hanavannu thegedukondhevu they breathe air avaru gaali sevisuthhare I can bring it naanu adhannu tharaballe I can build that naanu adhannu kattaballe she buys food avalu ootavannu kondhalu we calculate it naavu adhanu koodutheve they carry it avaru adhanu tharuthhare they don't cheat avaru mosa maaduvudilla she chooses him avalu avannannu aarisidhalu we close it naavu adhannu muchhuidevu he comes here avanu illi baruthhane I can compare that naannu adhannu aleyaballe she competes with me avalu naana jhothege paiphotisutthale we complain about it naavu adhara bagge complain maadidhevu they continued reading avaru adhannu odhuvudhannu mundhuvarisidharu he cried about that avanu adhara baggae atthanu I can decide now naanu adhannu nirdharisaballe she described it to me avalu adhannu nanage vivarisidhalu we disagree about it naavu adhannu oppikondevu they disappeared quickly avaru thakshana mayavagibittaru I discovered that naanu adhannu kandhu hididhenu she dislikes that avalu adhannu ishta padhuvudilla we do it naavu idhannu maaduvevu they dream about it avaru adhara bagge aalochisidharu I earned naanu adhannu samphadhisidhe he eats a lot avanu thumbha thinnuthhane we enjoyed that naavu adhannu thrupthi pattevu they entered here naavu illi thalupidhevu he escaped that avanu adharindha thappisikondha I can explain that naanu adhannu vivarisaballe she feels that too avalu adhannu saha neneyuthhale we fled from there naavu allindha odidhevu they will fly tomorrow avaur naale haaruthhare I can follow you naanu ninnnannu himbhalisidhe she forgot me avalu nannanna marethalu we forgive him naavu avannannu kshamisuthheve I can give her that naanu avalige adhannu kotte she goes there avalu allighe hoguthiddale we greeted them naavu avarrige vandhisidhevhu I hate that naanu adhannu ishtha paduvudhilla I can hear it naanu adhannu kelabhalle she imagine that avalu adhannu kalphane madhikondhalu we invited them naavu avannannu karedhevu I know him nannage avanu gotthu she learned it avalu adhannu kalithalu we leave now naavu eega bidutheve they lied about him avaru avana bagge sullu helidharu I can listen to that naanu adhakke kellaballe she lost that avalu adhannu kaledhukondalu we made it yesterday naavu idhaanu ninne madhidhevu they met him avaru avannannu nodhidharu I misspell that naanu adhannu thappagi helidhe I always pray naanu yavaagalu prarhthane maaduthhene she prefers that avalu adhannu ishata padhuttale we protected them naavu avarannu rakshisutteve they will punish her avaru avalige shikshe kodutthaare I can put it there naanu adhannu alli idhaballe she will read it avalu adhannu odhuttale we received that naavu adhannu punaravarthisidharu they refuse to talk avaur mathanaaduvudhakke niraakharisidharu I remember that naanage adhu gnapakha idhe she repeats that avalu adhannu mathhe helidhalu we see it naanvu adhannu nodidhaevu they sell it avaru adhannu salahisidharu I sent that yesterday naanu adhannu ninne kalisidhe he shaved his beard avanu avana gaddavannu keredhanu it shrunk quickly addhu bega ksheenavayithu we will sing it naavu adhannu haaduvevu they sat there avaru alli kulitharu I can speak it naanu adhannu mathadaballe she spends money avalu hannavannu kharchu maadhidhalu we suffered from that naavu adharindha bhadhege ola pattevu they suggest that avaru adhannu salahisidharu I surprised him naanu avanige ashcharya padisidhe she took that avalu adhannu thegedhukondalu we teach it naavu bhodhane maadidhevu they told us avaru nannage helidharu she thanked him avalu avanige dhanyawhadha helidhalu I can think about it naanu adhara bagge yochane she threw it avalu adhannu yesedhalu we understand that namage adhu arthavagutthadhe they want that avarige adhu beku I can wear it naanu ahadahnnu dharisaballe she writes that avalu adhannu bareyuthaale we talk about it naavu adhara bagge mathadona they have it avara hatthira idhe I watched it naanu nodidhe I will talk about it naanu adhara bagge mathanadutheene he bought that yesterday avanu adhannu ninne thegedhu konda we finished it naavu mugisidhevu Verbs in the present past and future tense have a very important role in Kannada. Archived from on 13 October 2006. 3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0. The late classical period gave birth to several genres of Kannada literature, with new forms of composition coming into use, including Ragale a form of blank verse and meters like Sangatya and Shatpadi. Jyotsna Kamat. Sanskrit and Prakrit influence [ ] The sources of influence on literary Kannada grammar appear to be three-fold: 's grammar, non-Paninian schools of grammar, particularly Katantra and Sakatayana schools, and grammar. All of these dialects are influenced by their regional and cultural background. Since the earliest available Kannada work is one on grammar and a guide of sorts to unify existing variants of and literary styles, it can be safely assumed that literature in Kannada must have started several centuries earlier. Varadpande, Manohar Laxman 1987 [1987]. The Kannada script is syllabic. The Kannada script is almost entirely phonetic, but for the sound of a "half n" which becomes a half m. Archived from on 11 January 2012. Mahadevan feels that some grammatical categories found in these inscriptions are also unique to Kannada rather than Tamil. Smith, Vincent; Williams Jackson, A. 2s ease-in-out;-moz-transition:width. The word Isila found in the Ashokan inscription called the Brahmagiri edict from Karnataka meaning to shoot an arrow, is a Kannada word, indicating that Kannada was a spoken language in the 3rd century BC D. A Journey from Madras through the Countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar. During this period, several and words came into Kannada, chiefly relating to feudalism and militia. A Historical Atlas of South Asia. 37 in Shapiro and Schiffman 1981 , pp. Kamath 2001 , p90• Garg 1992 , p. Groningen: Egbert Forsten• A gold coin bearing three inscriptions of Sri and an abbreviated inscription of king Bhagiratha's name called bhagi c. The first novel printed was 's , along with other texts including Canarese Proverbs, The History of Little Henry and his Bearer by , 's Bible Stories and "a Canarese hymn book. Among them are spoken exclusively in Kundapura, Brahmavara, Bynduru and Hebri , Nadavar-Kannada spoken by , spoken mainly by , spoken by Gowda community mainly in and region of , Malenadu Kannada Sakaleshpur, Coorg, Shimoga, Chikmagalur , , , Dharawad Kannada etc. Andayya may be considered as a protector of Kannada poets who were ridiculed by Sanskrit advocates. 1em;display:block;color: 0e4d92! The farce, written by an unknown author, is concerned with a Greek lady named Charition who has been stranded on the coast of a country bordering the Indian Ocean. Missions in south India — Page 56 — 1854 "Among those of the former are tracts on Caste, on the Hindu gods; Canarese Proverbs; Henry and his Bearer; the Pilgrim's Progress; Barth's Bible Stories; a Canarese hymn book"• This shows that the native vernacular of the Goa Kadambas was Kannada — Moraes 1931 , p384• In the 350 AD Chandravalli Prakrit inscription, words of Kannada origin like punaaTa, puNaDa have been used. Works of Kannada literature have received eight , the highest number awarded to any Indian language. A report on Halmidi inscription, Muralidhara Khajane 3 November 2003. Narasimhacharya 1988 , pp 4—5• Internationial School of Dravidian Linguistics. Archived from on 1 September 2006. Tsitsiridis mentions in his research work that Charition is not an exclusively prose or verse text, but a mixed form. Archived from on 10 January 2011. But first we need to know what the role of Verbs is in the structure of the grammar in Kannada. Special Correspondent 20 September 2011. The Halmidi inscription provides invaluable information about the history and culture of Karnataka. , Sri Pulimayi, clearly indicating his knowledge of the Satavahana kings. Kannada phonetics, morphology, vocabulary, grammar and syntax show significant influence from these languages. New York: Britannica educational Printing. 6th century Sanskrit poet Dandin praised Srivaradhadeva's writing as "having produced from the tip of his tongue, just as produced the from the tip of his top knot Rice E. Kamath 2001 , p58• Chattopadhyaya, Sudhakar 1 January 1974. During this period, the Sanskritic influence is present in most abstract, religious, scientific and rhetorical terms. The Karnataka official language act, 1963 — Karnataka Gazette Extraordinary Part IV-2A. Many of these are Kannada origin names of places and rivers of the Karnataka coast of 1st century AD. Journal of the Ganganatha Jha Kendriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Volume 32. 05 ;box-shadow:inset 1px 1px 16px rgba 0,0,0,0. Sastri 1955 , p356• A Kannada—English dictionary consisting of more than 70,000 words was composed by. The word Pulimayi means One with body of Tiger in Kannada, which bears testimony to the possible Kannada origin of Satavahana kings. Shankha Jain Basadi at Lakshmeshwar where the famous wrote the in Kannada language The oldest existing record of Kannada poetry in Tripadi metre is the record of AD 700. In a 1st-century AD Tamil inscription, there is a personal reference to ayjayya, a word of Kannada origin. png ;background-repeat:no-repeat;opacity:0. Nasik district of Maharashtra has a distinct tribe called 'Hatkar Kaanadi' people who speak a Kannada Kaanadi dialect with lot of old Kannada words. by King Nripatunga I AD 850 is the earliest existing literary work in Kannada. Their population estimate is about 75,000. Shettar is of the opinion that an inscription of the King Kongunivarma Madhava c. The tradition of the 12th century is purely native and unique in world literature, and the sum of contributions by all sections of society. 5rem;font-family:inherit;font-weight:500;line-height:1. Jyotsna Kamat. 1 ,inset 0 0 14px rgba 0,0,0,0. 315• New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. In July 2011, a center for the study of classical Kannada was established as part of the in to facilitate research related to the language. 5 ,inset -1px 0 1px rgba 255,255,255,0. This indicates the spread of the influence of the language over the ages, especially during the rule of large Kannada empires. form-item-instance-widget-settings-input-format-custom,. Pai and Narasimhachar in Bhat 1993 , p103• Settar studied the sittanvAsal inscription of first century AD as also the inscriptions at tirupparamkunram, adakala and neDanUpatti. node-form poll-choice-table td. from Wikiquote• Sastri 1955 , p361• Surprise your friends by dropping your favorite line in Kannada on your Facebook page or tweet on Twitter, type an email, send an sms. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. Mythic Society Bangalore, India. Archived from on 5 January 2007. com Read other Kannada news sections including , and. from Wikinews• Kloss and McConnell, Heinz and Grant D. 3em;vertical-align:middle;content:"";border-top:0. Rice, B. Official website of Department of Parliamentary Affairs and Legislation. The coins are preserved at the Archaeological Section, Prince of Wales Museum of Western India, Mumbai — Kundangar and Moraes in Moraes 1931 , p382• The most influential account of Kannada grammar is 's c. 1 - Added support to both Portrait and Landscape views. Buchanan, Francis Hamilton 1807. Most of the Kannada festivals are determined based on the position of the Sun and the Moon. There are about 150,000 Kannadigas in North America USA and Canada. Coins with Kannada legends have been discovered spanning the rule of the , the Badami , the , the , the , the , the , the of Banavasi, the and the , the Badami Chalukya coins being a recent discovery. Datta, Amaresh; Encyclopaedia of Indian literature — vol 2, p. The character set is almost identical to that of other. AD 450, indicating that Kannada had become an administrative language at that time. Nagendra, Dr. Kannadigas form Tamil Nadu's 3rd biggest linguistic group and add up to about 1. More importantly, they held a mirror to the seed of social revolution, which caused a radical re-examination of the ideas of caste, creed and religion. Govinda Pai's opinion that it must have occurred at Udyavara Odora in Greek , the capital of Alupas. It is inflected for gender, number and tense, among other things. 25rem;border-bottom-left-radius:0. The most authoritative known book on old Kannada grammar is by. Zvelebil, Kamil 1973 [1973]. Zvelebil fig. Kannada has an of over a thousand years. Each written symbol in the Kannada script corresponds with one , as opposed to one in languages like English. Ptolemy writes that "in the midst of the false mouth and the Barios, there is a city called Maganur" Mangalore. Nagarajan, Rema 16 April 2008. stickyOnTop navbarSupportedContent. The earliest copper plates inscribed in Old Kannada script and language, dated to the early 8th century AD, are associated with King Aluvarasa II from Belmannu the Dakshina Kannada district , and display the double crested fish, his royal emblem. New Delhi: Indian Branch, Oxford University Press. Masica, Colin P. in Bhat 1993 , p102• Sheldon Pollock in Dehejia, Vidya; The Body Adorned: Sacred and Profane in Indian Art, p. The Penguin History of Early India. important;border:none;letter-spacing:normal;border-right:1px solid dadada;border:radius;border-radius:0! Other sources date Chudamani to the 6th century or earlier. 25rem;line-height:1;background:transparent;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:0. Central Institute for Indian Languages. Narayana claims that many tribal languages which are now designated as Kannada dialects could be nearer to the earlier form of the language, with lesser influence from other languages. Don't forget to bookmark this page. Sastri 1955 , pp 361—2• 95—96• Here are some examples: English Verbs Kannada Verbs Verbs kriya padhagalu Past bootha I spoke naanu mathanadide I wrote naanu baredhe I drove naanu odisidhe I loved naanu preethiside I gave naanu kotte I smiled naanu nakke I took naanu thegedhukonde he spoke avanu mathanadida he wrote avanu baredha he drove avanu odisidha he loved avanu preeti madhida he gave avanu kotta he smiled avanu nakka he took avanu tegedukonda we spoke naavu mathanadidhevu we wrote naavu baredhevu we drove naavu odisidhevu we loved naavu preethisidevu we gave naavu kottevu we smiled naavu nakkevu we took naavu tegedukondevu Future bhavishya kala I will speak naanu mathanaduthhene I will write naanu bareyutheeni I will drive naanu odisutheeni I will love naanu preethisuthene I will give naanu koduthene I will smile naanu naguthenne I will take naanu tegedukolluthene he will speak avanu mathanaduthhane he will write avanu bareyuthaane he will drive avanu odisutthane he will love avanu preethisuthhane he will give avanu koduthhane he will smile avanu naguthhane he will take avanu tegedhukolluthane we will speak naavu mathanaadona we will write naavu bareyona we will drive naavu odisona we will love naavu preethisona we will give naavu kodona we will smile naavu nagona we will take naavu thagolonna Present varthamana kaala I speak nannu mathanadutthne I write naanu bareyuthenne I drive naanu odisutheene I love naanu preethi madutheene I give naanu koduthheene I smile nannu nagutheene I take naanu tegedukolluthene he speaks avanu mathanadutthaiddhane he writes avanu bareyuthhaiddhane he drives avanu odisuthhaiddhane he loves avanu preethisutthaiddhane he gives avanu koduthaiddhane he smiles avanu nagtthaiddhane he takes avanu tegedhukolluthaane we speak naavu mathanaduthheve we write naavu bareyuthevve we drive naavu odisutheeve we love naavu preethisutheeve we give naavu kodutheeve we smile naavu nagutheeve we take naavu tegedukollutheve Notice the structure of the Verbs in Kannada. Suryanatha Kamath — Karnataka State Gazetteer — South Kanara 1973 , Printed by the Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Govt. 2 ;box-shadow:inset 1px 0 1px rgba 0,0,0,0. He also mentions Barace Barcelore , referring to the modern port city of , upon its mouth. Greek Mime in the Roman Empire: 184—189. He succeeded in his challenge and proved wrong those who had advocated that it was impossible to write a work in Kannada without using Sanskrit words. He has written it using very limited Sanskrit words which fit with idiomatic Kannada. On the Pallava Prakrit inscription of 250 CE of Hire Hadagali's Shivaskandavarman, the Kannada word kOTe transforms into koTTa. Central Institute for Indian Languages. It is one of the and the official and administrative language of the state of Karnataka. from pre-historic times to the present. New Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan. Kamath 2001 , p50, p67• from Wikiversity of , the free encyclopedia• Translation [ ] All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Bhat, Thirumaleshwara 1993 [1993]. The oldest well-preserved palm leaf manuscript in Old Kannada is that of Dhavala. Kamath 2001 , p83• important;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased! The Malayalam spoken by people of Lakshadweep has many Kannada words. png no-repeat;cursor:pointer;z-index:1;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;transition:transform. 5 ,inset 0 -1px 1px rgba 255,255,255,0. Azmathulla Shariff 14 February 2018. 25rem;margin-right:1rem;font-size:1. Journal of The Siam Society — Siamese Heritage. The scholar indicated that Kannada was already a language of rich spoken tradition earlier than the 3rd century BC and based on the native Kannada words found in Prakrit inscriptions of that period, Kannada must have been spoken by a broad and stable population. important;padding:3px 10px 0px 10px;color:black! The Karnateshwara Katha, a eulogy for King , is said to have belonged to the 7th century; the Gajastaka, a work on elephant management by King , belonged to the 8th century, and the Chandraprabha-purana by Sri Vijaya, a court poet of King , is ascribed to the early 9th century. 5rem;margin-bottom:0;font-size:0. The software also known as English to Kannada translation, English to Kannada converter system. Kannada literature has been presented with 8 , the most for any Dravidian language and the second highest for any Indian language. Saletore identifies the site of this play as Odabhandeshwara or Vadabhandeshwara ship-vessel-Ishwara or God , situated about a mile from Malpe, which was a Shaivite centre originally surrounded by a forest with a small river passing through it. Other Kannada and Karnataka news sections on Sumanasa. 1919 , University of Calcutta. Murthy, Vaishnavi 20 October 2017.。 。 。
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